Zappa’s Stravinsky Borrowings (part 1)

Andre

I recently finished up a draft of a dissertation chapter looking at Zappa use music by Stravinsky. “Status Back Baby,” from Absolutely Free (1967), is the centerpiece of my analysis.: the melodic fragments from Petrushka that constitute the guitar solo in the bridge and the way in which they interact with their new context form a wonderful venue for exploring Zappa’s motivations and intentions. But there are a heck of a lot of other Stravinsky borrowings as well! Zappa borrowed from a number of Stravinsky compositions and did so with remarkable consistency throughout his career. Tracking these moments in his music has been a big part of my research for this chapter.

In a follow-up post, I’ll put up a table of Stravinsky borrowings that appear in Zappa’s music. Román García Albertos’ website, “Information Is Not Knowledge”–the work of a number of contributors including myself–includes an extensive, cross-referenced discography of Zappa’s work. It has been a wonderful resource for tracking musical borrowing. Much of my table is derived from Román’s site, but some of my own observations appear as well.

More importantly, I’ve made an attempt to construct a taxonomy of compositional strategies for how Zappa goes about using this material. Earlier discussions of musical borrowing have tended to use “quotation” as an umbrella term. J. Peter Burkholder has pointed out, however, that “quotation” is but one type of borrowing practice.[1] Burkholder argues that, in order to decipher the intended purpose and implicit meaning of a borrowing, we must understand exactly how it works on a technical level. Categorizing instances of musical borrowing illuminates these technical details. By doing this with Zappa, I’m able to highlight large-scale trends in his compositional history and draw conclusions about what the act of musical borrowing means (to Zappa and to us).

For the most part, Zappa’s various approaches can be accounted for by using terms developed by Burkholder in his work on Charles Ives. [2] The following list paraphrases Burkholder’s terminology, adapting it to better fit Zappa’s music.

  1. Modeling: A work which bears resemblance to its source on a large-scale or structural level. This may be with regards to the textual content, melodic material, or a number of other parameters.
  2. Paraphrasing: An instance in which melodic material is shortened, abbreviated, or otherwise truncated. In most cases, the source material is still highly identifiable.
  3. Arrangement: A rescoring of the musical forces. (Since the borrowings listed in the tables below inevitably require different instrumentation than Stravinsky’s originals, I reserve this term for instances in which no other term applies or where the change in instrumentation is essential to the nature of the borrowing.)
  4. Setting: Providing a new accompaniment for borrowed melodic material.
  5. Medley: An instance of two or more borrowings appearing in close succession.
  6. Quodlibet: A combination of two or more sources simultaneously, often for the sake of humor or ironic juxtaposition.
  7. Stylistic allusion: A reference to a specific work or style, but not necessarily appropriating any traceable melodic, harmonic, or rhythmic material from the source.
  8. Programmatic quotation: Instances in which a quotation (usually melodic) illustrates a part of the text.
  9. Extended paraphrase: An entire work derives its melodic content from a paraphrase of an existing melody.

Of course, not all of Ives’ techniques can be found in Zappa’s work. They are different composers, after all! I’ve omitted the strategies listed by Burkholder that don’t apply.

There are also a couple of techniques that Zappa uses which none of Burkholder’s terms can adequately accommodate. For this reason, I need to supplement the list with some terms of my own:

  1. Riffing: a type of paraphrasing characterized by repetition and the gritty, cathartic feel of a rock guitar solo.
  2. Spontaneous paraphrase: borrowings in improvised music that do not appear to have been premeditated.

In most cases, borrowing in Zappa’s music is never as cut and dried as any one of these strategies would imply. Borrowings are usually characterized by aspects of several compositional techniques simultaneously.

In my next post, I’ll put these terms to use. I’ll provide a table (three, actually!) that will account for most (if not all) instances of Stravinsky borrowing in Zappa’s music. Stay tuned…

References:
[1] J. Peter Burkholder, “The Uses of Existing Music: Musical Borrowing as a Field,” Notes 50.3 (March 1994): 851-870. (Article here.)
[2] Ibid., 854.
Zappa’s Stravinsky Borrowings (part 1)

13,193 thoughts on “Zappa’s Stravinsky Borrowings (part 1)”

  1. 锌褉懈屑械薪械薪懈械 锌械褋芯褔薪芯谐芯 褎懈谢褜褌褉邪 胁 谐懈写褉芯锌芯薪懈泻械 褑胁械褌芯胁芯写褋褌胁芯

    journals of anais nin volume 3 by ana茂s casco moto arai rx 7v spencer 40th red bloodtype instagram posts licht meten jaar 1 stihl ms 211 elad贸 haszn谩lt magass谩gi 谩gv谩g贸 屑械褌芯写褘 芯锌褉械写械谢械薪懈褟 褌械屑锌械褉邪褌褍褉褘 accessoires tassen

  3. neon cycling jersey

    丕賱賮丕禺乇丞 禺賱丕胤 賲賷丕賴 賱賱丨賲丕賲 賯胤亘 丨賵囟 氐賳亘賵乇 丨賵囟 亘丕賱賵毓丞 禺賱丕胤 氐賳亘賵乇 丕孬賳賷賳 毓亘乇 賲賯丕亘囟 丕賱賰乇賵賲 丨賵囟 丕賱爻丕禺賳 Cold 丕賱氐賳丕亘賷乇 丕賱賮囟丞 賲胤賱賷 兀爻丕賵乇 賱賱爻賷丿丕鬲 爻賵丕乇 丕賱兀夭賷丕亍 賵丕賱賲噩賵賴乇丕鬲 爻賵丕乇 亘乇丕鬲卮賷丕賱賷 賴丿賷丞 亘賷噩賵 丕賱賮丕禺乇丞 賴丿賷丞 賱賱 匕賰乇賶 丕賱賮丕禺乇丞 丿卮 丕賱丨丕卅胤 丕賱丨賳賮賷丕鬲 毓丿丞 賲乇亘毓 丕賱賮賵賱丕匕 丕賱賲賯…

  4. amazon travel bags sale

    etui samsung 2017 j3 coque gel rouge iphone 5 5s se abytonphone samsung etui folio rose film verre tremp茅 support voiture galaxy s5 chargeur voiture motif cv14 c芒ble usb type c pour samsung galaxy a8 2018 rose gold wedding rings for women bm 700 microp…

  5. urocza jasno r贸偶owa sukienka koktajlowa 2129 12

    chalk sling bag g65 mens bags louis vuitton louis vuitton original key pouch m62650 red replica nejkrè°©sn臎j拧铆 dè°©rek rifle jeans panske kabelka s fiorentino wardow kabelky louis vuitton brown long monogram international wallet louis vuitton 19ss lv runne…

  6. mascherine bianche

    alexander mcqueen scarpe subito estendere rete wifi con router produrre magliette stampate kenzo scarpe donna furla babylon geldbæžšrse nike kinderschuhe 36 friseur produkte online kaufen strapse strumpfhalter scarpe di hermes cucciolo golden retriever 4…

  7. felpa converse uomo 2017

    retail black ripped jeans street hiphop pants for men skinny distressed slim famous brand designer biker hip hop swag black slim jeans van goghs irises high tops womens shoes kids disney patch 9fifty navy aldi baby monitor 2018 nail clippers for tough…

  8. decathlon quechua hè°©tizsè°©k

    feh茅r n艖i gyè´¸gypapucs iphone s7 edge fiyat hasznè°©lt szintetizè°©tor eladè´¸ darth vader jelmez hè°©zilag playstation fifa laptop at vezet茅k n茅lk眉li hangfalak turbosound iq 15 tratamiento de platano para el cabello 4 inch block golf cart rear risers lift kit…

  9. ordinateur gamer abordable

    precio de altavoces para movil bluetooth android 杌?personliga presenter till henne logitech 500w rms gebrauchte computer 24 ver luces led auto melylada maquina de cortar pelo de nariz 眉r眉n barkod kuchnie komplety aparat telefonic maszynka elektryczna d…

  10. le sac outlet online valize

    褉褞泻蟹邪泻 褋褍屑泻邪 泻邪薪泻械薪 写械褌褋泻芯械 锌芯褋褌械谢褜薪芯械 斜械谢褜械 屑邪泻芯 褋邪褌懈薪 写谢褟 屑邪谢褜褔懈泻芯胁 褏邪谢邪褌 屑褍卸褋泻芯泄 写谢懈薪薪褘泄 nusa 15150 褏邪泻懈 masini de tocat carne gorenje vezi oferta anunturi gratuite arad peste 4 milioane anunturi pagina marcel prod srl 銉愩兂銉€銈ゃ儕銉犮偝銉斻偗銉併儯銉笺偤 bandai na…

  11. coque jordan galaxy a5 6 2016

    irish setter 83606 egyptian bracelet garmin glo ipad 12 賯胤毓丞 丕賱賲噩賲賵毓丞 丕賱賲賴賳丞 丕賱賵噩賴 賰賮丕賮 丕賱禺卮亘 賲賯亘囟 賮乇卮 賰乇賷賲 丕賱兀爻丕爻 賵兀丨賲乇 丕賱禺丿賵丿 賰賮丕賮 丕賱毓賷賳 丕賱馗賱 賰丨賱 丕賱賲禺賮賷 賮乇卮 兀丿賵丕鬲 鬲噩賲賷賱 毓丿丞 1賯胤毓丞賮丕乇睾丞丕賱兀亘賷囟丕賱亘賱丕爻鬲賷賰賲乇胤亘丕賳賲爻鬲丨囟乇丕鬲鬲噩賲賷賱賮乇丕睾丕賱丨丕賵賷丕鬲毓丕賱賷丞丕賱噩賵丿丞乇匕丕匕廿毓丕丿丞丕…

  12. acquisto armadi on line

    g眉nstige jeans shorts damen tip top spiel stift unigloves handschuhe gl眉hbirne mini kurze haare wellen machen piastrelle per cortile esterno scarpe sneakers eleganti uomo michael kors tracolla oro hogan interactive yoox

  13. faretto laser magia di stelle

    amazon robe grossesse wintermantel extra lang echt silber ohrringe set planet sports bikini festliche weihnachtskleider tagesrucksack f眉r frauen balenciaga stirnband bandeau a bretelle chaussure en toile vans col claudine homme

  14. akcia na maslo

    sac coco chanel pas cher balenciaga clutch bag leather mouton black balenciaga logo printed long coin cardholder wallet forever 21 over the knee boots stretch knit speed trainers balenciaga kids en balenciaga bags on sale your one stop balenciaga bags…

  15. m眉tze rosa grau

    ma脽stab bruder traktor m盲nner klamotten g眉nstig wolle schlafsack t shirt kleid wei脽 borse per cani online offerte tv 4k scarpe fila bianche ragazza

  16. 锌邪谢褜褌芯 褋械褉芯械 懈蟹 屑械褏邪 薪芯褉泻懈 泻褍锌懈褌褜 胁 懈薪褌械褉薪械褌 屑邪谐邪蟹懈薪械 屑械褏邪

    芯褌写褘褏 薪邪 芯褋褌褉芯胁械 胁 懈褌邪谢懈懈 芯褌蟹褘胁褘 褎芯褉褍屑 胁懈薪褋泻芯谐芯 lacoste 褔械褉薪邪褟 锌褟褌薪懈褑邪 manusi pescuit sport series water light grey s m costum cambrat confectii textile 胁 泻懈械胁械 芯褌泻褉褘谢褋褟 屑邪谐邪蟹懈薪 replay buro 24 7 锌谢邪褌褜械 卸械薪褋泻芯械 锌芯谢褍斜邪褌邪谢褜薪芯械 邪褋褋懈屑械褌褉懈褔薪芯械 褉邪蟹屑械褉褘 50 54…

  17. omron mansetti m

    诪讞住谞讬 讞砖诪诇 讟诇驻讜谉 谞注诇讬 住驻讜专讟 诇讬诇讚讬诐 讘诪讘爪注 驻讬拽讜拽 诪讞砖讘讬诐 砖讜驻专住诇 诪讜注讚讜谉 转讚专讬 住诇讜诇专 诪讚 讞讜诐 诇讘讬砖讜诇 s盲hk枚avusteinen polkupy枚r盲 solifer oranssi jakku depilazione inguine donne

  18. sweat femme cloti garc铆a

    scarpe personalizzate uomo pull noir strass contrat vacataire priv茅 buon pomeriggio immagini divertenti cappotti rossi 2018 taille vetement 2 ans pochette a main homme tablier et toque petit chef en papier

  19. safety gear shop

    nz sale vans kyle walker pro sneakers for men beige shop good quality womens trainers vans old skool white vans old skool otw sidewall 10.5 black racing red google vans x the north face blake paul verse for sale near me vans triple circle anorak jacket…

  20. brown louis vuitton pattern samsung galaxy s7 edge case

    classic authentic lv louis vuitton belt in black louis vuitton taiga card case wallet catawiki christian louboutin cream pumps louis vuitton shawls wraps pink scarves wraps for women pruhovan茅 tri膷ko s dlouh媒m rukè°©vem dè°©msk茅 n铆zkoenergetick茅 domy sport…

  21. juniorsk茅 ly啪iarske rukavice ziener laxi gtx persian blue

    苇谓伪 蟺喂蟽蟿慰位维魏喂 渭伪位位喂蠋谓 胃伪 萎胃蔚位伪. 未喂伪蠁慰蟻蔚蟿喂魏蠈 d臎tsk媒 karnevalov媒 kost媒m widmann 3d mardi gras mask gold colored 邪薪褌懈芯泻褋懈写邪薪褌薪邪褟 邪谢褜谐懈薪邪褌薪邪褟 屑邪褋泻邪 写谢褟 胁褘褉邪胁薪懈胁邪薪懈褟 褑胁械褌邪 谢懈褑邪 褋 锌芯褔褌邪 薪邪 谐褍谐谢 胁芯泄褌懈 胁 褋胁芯泄 褟褖懈泻. gmail 褝谢械泻褌褉芯薪薪邪褟 锌芯褔褌邪 褋 kurumsal mail 莽枚z眉m…

  22. capulet janette midi dress

    smartphone funktion best backpacks for girls in middle school 2016 cheap in high quality under armour limitless tr 30 navy under armour black blouse womens under armour girls coldgear infrared gemma 3 in 1 jacket xl converse undercover misses clothing…

  23. medical emploi

    compre l谩mpara uv led de 86w secador de yilkal med陌kal sa臒lik 眉r眉nler陌 iphone 8 plus 64gb fiyatlar谋 hmdx bluetooth hangsz贸r贸

  24. 妤藉ぉ甯傚牬 閫佹枡鐒℃枡 銈广偒銉笺儓 銉熴儮銉笀 銉曘儸銈?澶т汉 銇嬨倧銇勩亜 a

    masina de cusut singer 160 tradition 2250 鍜屽厜銉°偓銉?銉°偓銉嶃伄銇旀鍐?/a> 銉堛儸銉炽儔 浜烘皸銇亰鍝?鐧姐儻銉炽償 銈嗐仯銇熴倞 銈兗銉兗 v銉嶃儍銈?銇层仏涓嬩笀 闁撳彇銈?銉堛兗銉?銉愩儍銈?銈枫儳銉笺儎 绂忚 銉儑銈ｃ兗銈?銈炽儍銉堛兂娣?缍?銉°兗銉究 閫佹枡鐒℃枡 4鏋?/a> 銈儑銈ｃ儉銈?銈搞儱銉嬨偄 銈广偊銈с儍銉堛儜銉炽儎 btrnclwm銈广偊銈с儍銉堛儜銉炽儎 瑁? 閵€搴у眿 骞冲哺搴椼€嶃伄銉栥儵銉炽儔鍝…

  25. pets bodycon skirt lotus leggings lotusleggings

    vianocne napady a dekoracie ostrovn茅 syst茅my dettagli su borsello uomo inter prodotto ufficiale valentino pochette spike in pelle trapuntata con borchie borsa liu jo bauletto bag con 2 scomparti 17 wireless headset green vest joker costume casquette vi…

  26. adidas superstar scarpe

    air max 90 homme noir et bleu veste jean oversize levis silbergraue pumps philipp plein sakko adidas hose tiro 17 canottiera incrociata davanti scarpe tela basse tute larghe abbigliamento sci ellesse

  27. gold anklet

    disposable surgical scissors frye jones wingtip oxford philips norelco head shaver milwaukee demolition hammer neon streetwear tension bathroom shelving buty dla dzieci trampki converse chuck taylor all star ox sneakersy big star y274144 converse set c…

  28. odzie偶 treningowa damska

    p艂aszcze wiosenne 2016 damskie vileda myjka do szyb buty na fitness adidas tienda de accesorios para celulares animonda integra protect paski do zegarkè´¸w 22mm z艂ocenie srebra modon sukienki mens san francisco 49ers hoodie 49ers sweatshirts 49ers funda…

  29. coque messi samsung galaxy wave

    northstar softener samoyed for sale healthy sanitary napkins wireless keyboard and mouse womens converse chuck taylor all star big eyelets sneaker housse de protection pour samsung galaxy s8 plus blanc etui samsung galaxy j700 2020 爻賲賾丕毓丕鬲 亘賱賵鬲賵孬 毓賲賵丿…

  30. xbox 360 aut贸s j谩t茅kok 2016

    agulha cirurgica mette blomsterbergs kager termometro medel no contact hossz煤 ujj煤 p贸l贸 n艖i m茅r艖mikroszk贸p indik谩tor 贸ra feles poh谩r 谩rak leg煤jabb t谩ska divat

  31. lampada led gu10

    legno italia costo di telefoni seresto miglior prezzo spuntate nero giardini cercasi passeggino materasso myform home arredo best grain free dog food pressione ossigeno nel sangue accessori cucine componibili jeans und jeansjacke geschenk m盲dchen 1 jah…

  32. spectrum brushes amazon

    cupped nail set michelin motorcycle tyres cane corsos vogue glasses frames best studio lighting perry ellis boxers brown casual loafers vans old skool mesh shoes vans old skool

  33. munkahelyi ment艖l谩da

    jordbå¿™rtå¿™rte mette blomsterberg pagamento de boleto com desconto which is the best baby monitor on the market 褉芯蟹械褌泻邪 泻褍锌懈褌褜 胁械褋褘 co葯 hasznè°©lt mikrofon è°©llvè°©ny lifeboat distribution vendor index farinha de castanha de caju 1 kg filtry przeciwpy艂owe 3m…

  34. 28 inch curtain rod

    coque bape iphone 3s clear sunglasses samsung smart tv wifi butterfly baby shower favors etui z klapk膮 s view dwa okienka na galaxy grand prime z艂oty coque design samsung galaxy s6 avengers le r茅f 147 housse galaxy a500 茅tuis housses et coques adidas p…

  35. westernov茅 膷i啪my d谩mske

    pet supply store near me now bell costume for kids zaino monospalla desigual borsa donna modello abby siberia montblanc porta carte di meisterst眉ck sfumato in pelle blu uomo orologio uomo police berkeley offerta regalo borbonese set palestra leader gia…

  36. 銉戙兗銉嗐偅銉夈儸銈?銉熴儖銉夈儸銈?銈︺偋銉囥偅銉炽偘銉夈儸銈?鍙剾銇勩儸銉笺偣 鑺卞珌

    褎芯褌芯 泻械写褘 褔械褉薪褘械 卸械薪褋泻懈械 銈炽兗銉?gu銉°兂銈恒伄銈儍銉堛偨銉笺偄銉炽偗銉儜銉炽儎銇実ood nike 鏂板搧鏈娇鐢?nike銉娿偆銈?娴峰闄愬畾 鑺辨焺銉欍儕銉冦偡銈点兂銉€銉?26 鐧?/a> abc mart 锝侊絺锝冦優銉笺儓 銈汇兗銉?闀疯病甯?銉儑銈ｃ兗銈?璨″竷 鏈潻 pueblo 銉椼偍銉栥儹 銉兂銈? 涓嬬潃 銉儑銈ｃ兗銈?濂虫€?銉戙兂銉?銈广偔銉ｃ兂銉嗐偅 銈枫儳銉笺儎 銉儨銉?妯伈銈?/a>

  37. gift pillow with photo

    charcoal grey school trousers the best flat iron 2019 corset style top jeep spare tire ski rack zapatillas converse star player 3v shoe size conversion table united states men walking dead converse shoes men women volt electric bike field hockey turf s…

  38. kvinna kl盲der byxor shorts asos asos asos tall high waist

    kæžšp life multi pregnant pæ°“ iphone 5s batteri hæžšgsta kvalit茅 kæžšp pæ°“ bling æžšrh盲ngen vit sten 7741225 ryggs盲ckar med tryck fæžšretagsv盲skor axon profil kæžšp stj盲rna star trading line billigt maskinkontakt nummer 3 2017 michael kors v盲ska kopia sæžškes helsingb…

  39. shoe categories

    women high boots booties new style shoes footwears for sportstyle cotton mesh tank universal athletic mn on twitter new home and away girls under armour x storm 1 pants girls foundation sports club soccer and beyond ted baker blue dress with flowers ch…

  40. 注讙诇讛 诇讗讜驻谞讬讬诐 讞砖诪诇讬讜转

    computer fisso prezzi sony 2.1 kotiteatteri hiustenleikkuukoneet barbapapa pehmolelu hyv盲 keitti枚 elektroniikkaromu kierr盲tys markantalo asiakaspalvelu puhelin 诪住讻讜转 诇驻讜专讬诐 诇讛讚驻住讛 haudutuskattila prisma suoristusrauta

  41. anzug xxl herren

    armani werbung stehleuchte retro design heine m枚bel seiten jeans aus deutschland abbigliamento running nike online p芒te 脿 sucre rouge renove matelas impermeable heine kurze strickweste damen eisb盲r m眉tzen shop

  42. banyo dolabè°‹ fiyatlarè°‹ ve modelleri

    mask for dust and mold lg elæžšltæžšlt艖s mosè´¸g茅p 7 kg kiz cocuk botlari aparat de tensiune pret speles masinas costumi halloween carnevale feste party apuntes seminario belleza en la cara levi itzhak ofnoim 354 pages 51 100 pj masks party supplies diy birt…

  43. optical out to jack

    nike cheer shorts velbon df 60 simple dumpsters coque ysl iphone 6 plus info book cover galaxy tab a 2019 noir achet茅 etui rigide en cuir recouvert de cuir litchi pour samsung galaxy s10 plus noir coque chanel samsung not 9 hot pink sk8 hi vans vans ol…

  45. philips saeco moltio fuldautomatisk

    pè°©nske hned茅 ko啪en茅 膷lenkov茅 topè°©nky jacob botki czarne 37 sinsay. klocek adidas peek cloppenburg lå¿™kker heldragt til nyfé…¶dt billig bé…¶rneté…¶j og sko vind en ring fra anette wille dirt vtc bicicletta elettrica pieghevole 20 nero siddepude trykaflastende…

  46. de膷ija obu膰a panda patike strana 3

    膩da un t膩s kaites atspoguå‹Ÿo ar墨 m奴su emocion膩lo st膩vokli 姆墨nas met膩la pul膿拧anas ma拧墨nu ra啪ot膩ji un pieg膩d膩t膩ji biroja mebeles galds cena no anita impact control sporta kr奴拧turis vieglu garu jeb 10 padomi å‹Ÿoti pareizai pirt墨 ie拧anai delfi ostala oprema…

  47. rb4314n nina cat eye sunglasses

    best support for meniscus tear mossimo womens stretch denim high rise shorts distressed faded blue white stars hopgo mens quick drying boardshort beach shorts swim trunks swimwear shorts 30 blue boys under armour swim trunks women big butt new style sc…

  48. xbox live è°©r

    akkumulè°©tor tæžšlt茅s auchan pl眉ss è°©llatok barè°©tn艖nek sz眉linapra id茅zet schnells livraison mat茅riel m茅dical drogatel telefone bh migros bah莽e mobilyalarè°‹ lego flyverdragt incaltaminte ortopedica copii kit catena corona pignone gas gas txt 80 2002 2006 cei…

  49. hodnoty krevn铆ho tlaku

    vand tuburi oxigen 屑械写褌械褏薪懈泻邪 屑邪谐邪蟹懈薪 profumi per bambini elektromos fali konvektor sz眉let茅snapi k茅pek f茅rfi hasznè°©lt f茅rfi ker茅kpè°©r elado hasznè°©lt ps3 泻褍锌谢褞 锌懈褉芯屑械褌褉 f茅mvè°©zas medence 366×91 eladè´¸ æžšsszteleszkè´¸pos bicikli diy acne mask

  50. professionista 2019 occhiali da sole uomo calvin klein

    plus sandy abito a portafoglio con stampa qiv portafoglio per bambini ninja giochi e giocattoli mens oneill superfreak mysto boardshort predlzene tricko eden park blouson cheap audio subwoofers veste ellesse garcon 14 ans magnetic eyeglass reading glas…

Comments are closed.