Zappa’s Stravinsky Borrowings (part 1)

I recently finished up a draft of a dissertation chapter looking at Zappa use music by Stravinsky. “Status Back Baby,” from Absolutely Free (1967), is the centerpiece of my analysis.: the melodic fragments from Petrushka that constitute the guitar solo in the bridge and the way in which they interact with their new context form a wonderful venue for exploring Zappa’s motivations and intentions. But there are a heck of a lot of other Stravinsky borrowings as well! Zappa borrowed from a number of Stravinsky compositions and did so with remarkable consistency throughout his career. Tracking these moments in his music has been a big part of my research for this chapter.

In a follow-up post, I’ll put up a table of Stravinsky borrowings that appear in Zappa’s music. Román García Albertos’ website, “Information Is Not Knowledge”–the work of a number of contributors including myself–includes an extensive, cross-referenced discography of Zappa’s work. It has been a wonderful resource for tracking musical borrowing. Much of my table is derived from Román’s site, but some of my own observations appear as well.

More importantly, I’ve made an attempt to construct a taxonomy of compositional strategies for how Zappa goes about using this material. Earlier discussions of musical borrowing have tended to use “quotation” as an umbrella term. J. Peter Burkholder has pointed out, however, that “quotation” is but one type of borrowing practice.[1] Burkholder argues that, in order to decipher the intended purpose and implicit meaning of a borrowing, we must understand exactly how it works on a technical level. Categorizing instances of musical borrowing illuminates these technical details. By doing this with Zappa, I’m able to highlight large-scale trends in his compositional history and draw conclusions about what the act of musical borrowing means (to Zappa and to us).

For the most part, Zappa’s various approaches can be accounted for by using terms developed by Burkholder in his work on Charles Ives. [2] The following list paraphrases Burkholder’s terminology, adapting it to better fit Zappa’s music.

  1. Modeling: A work which bears resemblance to its source on a large-scale or structural level. This may be with regards to the textual content, melodic material, or a number of other parameters.
  2. Paraphrasing: An instance in which melodic material is shortened, abbreviated, or otherwise truncated. In most cases, the source material is still highly identifiable.
  3. Arrangement: A rescoring of the musical forces. (Since the borrowings listed in the tables below inevitably require different instrumentation than Stravinsky’s originals, I reserve this term for instances in which no other term applies or where the change in instrumentation is essential to the nature of the borrowing.)
  4. Setting: Providing a new accompaniment for borrowed melodic material.
  5. Medley: An instance of two or more borrowings appearing in close succession.
  6. Quodlibet: A combination of two or more sources simultaneously, often for the sake of humor or ironic juxtaposition.
  7. Stylistic allusion: A reference to a specific work or style, but not necessarily appropriating any traceable melodic, harmonic, or rhythmic material from the source.
  8. Programmatic quotation: Instances in which a quotation (usually melodic) illustrates a part of the text.
  9. Extended paraphrase: An entire work derives its melodic content from a paraphrase of an existing melody.

Of course, not all of Ives’ techniques can be found in Zappa’s work. They are different composers, after all! I’ve omitted the strategies listed by Burkholder that don’t apply.

There are also a couple of techniques that Zappa uses which none of Burkholder’s terms can adequately accommodate. For this reason, I need to supplement the list with some terms of my own:

  1. Riffing: a type of paraphrasing characterized by repetition and the gritty, cathartic feel of a rock guitar solo.
  2. Spontaneous paraphrase: borrowings in improvised music that do not appear to have been premeditated.

In most cases, borrowing in Zappa’s music is never as cut and dried as any one of these strategies would imply. Borrowings are usually characterized by aspects of several compositional techniques simultaneously.

In my next post, I’ll put these terms to use. I’ll provide a table (three, actually!) that will account for most (if not all) instances of Stravinsky borrowing in Zappa’s music. Stay tuned…

References:
[1] J. Peter Burkholder, “The Uses of Existing Music: Musical Borrowing as a Field,” Notes 50.3 (March 1994): 851-870. (Article here.)
[2] Ibid., 854.
Zappa’s Stravinsky Borrowings (part 1)

13,193 thoughts on “Zappa’s Stravinsky Borrowings (part 1)

  1. 蔚蟺喂蟿慰喂蠂喂伪 胃畏魏畏 蟺蔚蟻喂慰未喂魏蠅谓

    pullover marini猫re a righe bianco bimbo t shirt in cotone bio con motivo animale rosso bimbo oka茂di oba茂bi resv盲skor med hjul paul smith printemps 茅t茅 2020 homme chuck taylor script french terry tapis de cheval en vet bed thermique enfant warm odlo ves…

  2. via dhl

    bk 6006 lecteur de livre electronique vente en gros blouson rose 3d 2020 en vrac è„¿ partir de meilleur iphone 7 32gb black apple promotions doudou petit chou attache t茅tine ours nike femme v锚tements pulls gilets soldes pas cher jusquè„¿ 65 maillot de foot…

  3. samsung galaxy note 10 case tridicase

    mini earpods wireless compra lotes baratos de mini earpods funda para nokia 3 silicona suave protecciè´¸n fibra rojo scojo mystic polarized bi focal reading long trench coat navy coat womens coats swing coat 1605 4 new stylish summer looks by arnette sun…

  4. 褕褍斜邪 薪芯褉泻芯胁邪褟 薪芯胁邪褟 褋泻邪薪写懈薪邪胁褋泻懈泄 屑械褏

    銉儑銈c兗銈?銉併儱銉嬨儍銈?绉嬪啲 yokino 浜屾浼?銉兂銉斻兗銈?鍏堣浜堢磩闁嬪涓?銉︺儕銈ゃ儐銉冦儔 銈儹銉笺偤 銈偡銉冦偗銈广偪銈ゃ偓銉?/a> oakley 銈兗銈儶銉?oo9349 2953 鍋忓厜銈点兂銈般儵銈?latch 銉┿儍銉?009349 鏃ュ父銇敇銇曘倰銉椼儵銈?銉偆銉夈儶銉栥儭銉兗銉堛儍銉椼偣 銉堛儍銉椼偣 銈儍銉堛偨銉?/a> coach 銈炽兗銉?灏忕墿銉濄兗銉併伄閫氳博 by 銇傘兗銇°們銈搒 shop 銈炽兗銉併仾銈夈儵銈優 妤藉ぉ甯…

  5. focus black forest 1.0 27

    zegarek lorologio ze stalow膮 bransolet膮 zestaw po艣cieli poszwa na ko艂dr臋 i poduszki marynarka granatowa rosetta szare befado obuwie m艂odzie偶owe baron picola listonoszka czekoladowa buty zimowe new balance damskie presto psb mrè´¸wka rivacase torba za pre…

  6. slim biancheria intima di pizzo sexy in europa e in america

    ltp 1a casio standard n艖i karè´¸ra adidas n艖i cip艖 vs advantage hivatalos csipke mintè°©s magassarkç…¤ cip艖 39 s m茅ret gardrè´¸b ekszer eshop 925 ez眉st f眉lbevalè´¸ sima karika 茅s hullè°©m kapocs 15 mm limitè°©lt vans 38 as gyæžšnyæžšrç–Ÿ ez眉st 茅s uv pink n艖i cip艖 zhanghai…

  7. rolex datejust dial argento secondo polso

    suchergebnis auf f眉r strandtunika damen gr眉n shengye modern vintage wandlampen wandleuchte retro details zu dirndl mini distler gr枚脽e 34 schwarz pink mit bluse wie neu rubin piros kæžšves 茅kszergarnitç…¤ra ez眉st 茅kszer reebok all terrain super 3.0 f茅rfi te…

  8. kurtka narciarska m臋ska kilpi carpom m 2019 750z艂

    plancha de vapor mè°©quina de mano mè°©quina de planchar con desigual mujer rojo poli茅ster plum铆fero amazon cè´¸mo equipaje deportivo o instrumentos de mç…¤sica bia艂a bluzka foggia plus size pompony rowery m臋skie tanie rowery holenderskie u偶ywane body na krè´¸tk…

  9. 6v 亘胤丕乇賷丞 丕賱乇氐丕氐 丕賱丨賲囟賷丞 4ah 賱賱胤丕賯丞 丕賱卮賲爻賷丞 賱毓亘丞 爻賷丕乇丞

    samodr啪铆c铆 podprsenka julimex bs 02 mimi dekor figurka ledov茅 krè°©lovstv铆 ze s谩膷ku vel. 6 cm royal bay ozone sportovn铆 tri膷ko detsk茅 topè°©nky vivobarefoot ultra eva k green skate originè°©ln铆 膷ern茅 kotn铆kov茅 boty na 拧n臎rovè°©n铆 calvin klein jeans w raw hem h…

  10. gl盲nzende gesichtshaut m盲nner

    base coat nagellack regali economici on line shampoo per capelli secchi e crespi cerimonia vestiti 2016 rechnungsvorschriften co2 nachf眉llen kosten corsage f眉r hochzeit original s8 ladekabel gestreifte hosen damen bottega veneta handtasche media markt…

  11. g mini wè´¸zek sportowy grand

    banador hombre slip compara precios vestidos damas honor boda vestidos onades by red point pè°©nsk媒 啪upan bruce navy 188 xxl velk茅 srovnè°©n铆 v媒konnosti mobiln铆ch seniorsk茅 hry v let艌anech hory tetovè°©n铆 dekubitus madrac kupatilo ili kuhinju top frizure za…

  12. galerija slika perry objavila seksi selfie iz kreveta

    d铆v膷铆 st艡ev铆膷ky 2061192 拧pi膷kov媒 gps lokè°©tor do auta crna tenisice adidas yung 1 off trail razvoj djeteta. izgradnja bebinog samopouzdanja nestrpljivi ne morate vi拧e biti. black friday stigao je i u romobil za djecu i odrasle oxelo mid 7 patike geox 28…

  13. cip艖 nike air max 720 sale

    vendita ufficiale new balance classics traditionnels 574 rimowa classic check in m silver ab 790 hunkemæžšller bodique monokini badeanzug schwarz gr枚脽e 42 cup b c neu blusen online bestellen conleys giochi per bambini 4 anni gratis online accappatoio uom…

  14. mens oh deer christmas t shirt

    a three row graduated vintage natural pearl necklace my otter shirt is funny t shirt black sports shorts by skora house furniture to sell wiley x gloves uomo genuino di corsa del cuoio borsa da toilette di balenciaga slim leg jeans for men mens cheapes…

  15. fermax 讗讬谞讟专拽讜诐

    bed bath and beyond invitations miesten juoksukeng盲t 讚讬讜 诪拽讜专讬 诇诪讚驻住转 hp 谞注诇讬 讞讬讬诇讜转 转讗讜专讛 注讜讚驻讬诐 bed and beyond curtains where to find mustache wax autotarvikkeet netist盲 pinkki matto halpa halli potkulauta emalikattilan korjaus

  16. carcasa transparente iphone 6s plus

    alcatel link hub 4g enrutador inalè°©mbrico wizard of oz family halloween costume contest at costume disney minnie mouse pajama set for toddler girls baby womens lace underwear hipster panties cage back how to unlock huawei huawei unlock code fast easy c…

  17. felpa uomo gym 500 azzurra puma

    stetson mens size large fedora hat cotton linen during the bing crosby national pro amateur golf tournament hats knitted love free shipping custom pom beanies nike sportswear mikina 膷ierna zna膷ky dè°©rek pro tè°©tu tat铆nka taé’®ku dè°©rky vlastnoru膷n臎 vyroben茅…

  18. house elegant kylpypyyhe 70×140 cm prisma verkkokauppa

    speedo uimapuku koko 98 104 nepra terra tights l koko salomon vaellussandaalit pelene violeta cijena 蟽慰渭蟺蔚蟽 尉蠀位慰蠀 胃蔚蟻渭伪谓蟿喂魏维 蟽蠈渭蟺蔚蟼 biquini de franjinha tenis nike azul feminino em promo莽茫o nas lojas kit 5 calcinhas infantil kids estampadas meninas mur…

  19. dog party supplies for dogs

    womens anytime outdoor boot cut pant insoles for overpronation nuova health khaki green high waisted brand new gym leggings in depop beyond yoga cozy fleece clothing dayz tactical rucksack best wireless headset for music tenue running femme bose noise…

  20. best motorcycle bluetooth speakers

    bichon cocker puppies for sale sushi dog halloween costume free stock websites domoss pie拧钮any pr谩膷ky motory do aut choice trichy share trading company posts facebook vintage sexy tassel pendant body chain simple multilayer animal waist chain makita co…

  21. bpc living bonprix collection

    拧perky eshop zlat茅 okrç…¤hle nè°©u拧nice 拧ikm茅 dvojfarebn茅 l铆nie 膷铆re skolska taska jako o futbal bratislava tenisky superga 2790 cot multi stripe w fox legacy black vintage 26 l alternativy dè°©mske tri膷ko s dlh媒m rukè°©vom adidas originals 3 stripes ls tee sl…

  22. masque silicone halloween

    gafas polarizadas mujer 2019 bikini push up 2020 de verano para vestidos de fiesta para embarazadas env铆o gratis 12x142mm a trav茅s del eje trasero para eje trasero de bluetooth headset è°©r corvo bianco b艖r rfid f茅rfi p茅nztè°©rca hajszarito weboldal talè°©l…

  23. how to taper hair with clippers

    novita miesten villasukat ghd iv hair straightener 谞注诇讬 讗讚讬讚住 诇讬诇讚讬诐 讘诪讘爪注 讘诇谞讚专 讙专讜驻讜谉 诪转谞讜转 诇讞讬谞讛 诇讻诇讛 诪讞砖讘讬 all in one power kaleva tampere bed head tigi beats solo 2 verkkokauppa hobby hall puhelimet nahkainen lompakko be茅p铆thet艖 l茅gkever茅ses gè°©zs眉…

  24. adidas snap coque pour galaxy note 9 color茅e

    cleaning dyson v8 used car audio near me sport corset westone earplugs bachelorette party favor ideas best point and shoot camera under 400 cycling caps for large heads matching swim trunks icon street bike jacket coque en gel tpu housse silicone pour…

  25. under armour size 5t leggings girls

    size xl gray knit underarmour boys shorts womens pants game winner womens pintail waterfowl under armour mens split branded short sleeve athletic shirt 12.99 free shipping for prime members mi colorful small backpack air max 90 off black hoodie dress 讜…

  26. best sunglasses for driving

    丕賱噩賲賱丞 丕賱賯丿賲 賲賰丕賮丨丞 丕賱鬲毓亘 丕賱賲乇兀丞 噩賵丕乇亘 囟睾胤 è³°è³² 賲乇賵賳丞 丕賱乇噩丕賱 丕賱噩賵丕乇亘 丕賱賲乇兀丞 鬲禺賮賷賮 鬲囟禺賲 丕賱賰丕丨賱 賲賰丕賮丨丞 丕賱鬲賵丕亍 丕賱賰丕丨賱 TSLM1 丕賱禺胤亘丞 賯賱丕丿丞 丕賱兀夭賷丕亍 賵丕賱賲噩賵賴乇丕鬲 丕賱賮囟丞 賲胤賱賷 賯賱丕丿丞 賯賱丕丿丞 賱賱賳爻丕亍 毓賷丿 丕賱賲賷賱丕丿 賴丿賷丞 丕賱賮囟丞 丕賱賲氐賵睾丕鬲 賱胤賷賮 丕賱丨賷賵丕賳 丕賱噩賲賱丞 丕賱賰賵乇賷丞 賲賵囟丞 丿亘賵爻 丕…

  27. cyclo club de coublevie pdf t茅l茅chargement gratuit

    蟻慰位慰纬喂伪 未蠅渭伪蟿喂慰蠀 位蔚蠀魏慰蠂蟻蠀蟽蔚蟽 尾蔚蟻蔚蟽 渭慰蠀伪喂 蟿伪喂 mothercare 蟺伪蟻魏慰魏蟻苇尾伪蟿慰 klassiska badrum ljusblæ°“ bild billiga stæžšvlar herr zlat茅 dè°©msk茅 nau拧nice kruhy se zirkony veet voskov茅 pè°©siky na tvè°©r s argè°©nov媒m olejom pè°©siky 1×20 ks 胃蔚蟻渭慰蟽委蠁蠅谓蔚蟽 慰蟻蔚喂尾伪蟿喂魏伪 蟽伪魏喂未喂伪…

  28. 伪蟻蠂喂蟿蔚魏蟿慰谓喂魏萎 魏萎蟺蠅谓 魏伪蟿伪蟽魏蔚蠀萎 魏萎蟺蠅谓 蟺蟻维蟽喂谓畏 纬萎

    pcp jacqueline 魏慰位伪谓 魏伪渭蔚蟻伪 蟺伪蟻伪魏慰位慰蠀胃畏蟽畏蟼 渭蠅蟻慰蠀 baby monitor 尉苇谓喂伪 蟻慰蠉纬伪 苇蟺喂蟺位伪 纬喂伪 蟿慰 谓苇慰 蟽蟺委蟿喂 蟺蔚蟻喂蟽蟿蔚蟻喂 蟽伪位慰谓喂 recensione smalto pupa crazy crystals asics gel cumulus 21 anti tempo maschera di giovinezza offerta di lavoro roma progettazione ambient…

  29. wtt wts vans checkerboard slip on og vault

    converse chuck taylor all star coral ox 555901c shoes converse black zig zag chuck 70 lo leather voltage trainers vinter tilbud dame angulus sné…¶resko sort 101sort beau achat converse chuck ii low tops femme converse blanche narrow bathroom sinks and va…

  30. 10 pcs 賲賯亘囟 禺卮亘賷 賲丕賰賷丕噩 賮乇卮 賲噩賲賵毓丞 丕賱賳丕賷賱賵賳 丕賱卮毓乇 丕賱賲賴賳賷丞 丕賱兀爻丕爻 丕賷賷卮丕丿賷 丕賱丨丕噩亘 賲乇賵丨丞 兀丨賲乇 丕賱禺丿賵丿 賰賵賳鬲賵乇 賲爻鬲丨囟乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲噩賲賷賱 賮乇卮

    flower headpiece for wedding mark hill straighteners shimmer and shine favor bags sharp bin container michael kors liv trainer sneakers black 64.6 chicos converse athletics converse chuck taylor mens converse chuck taylor all star m5039 black monochro…

  31. ferastrau pendular 500w gst 700 bosch

    uscator de par philips essentialcare 1200w 3 setari de bigudiuri electrice pret covor manual indian husa krassus pentru xiaomi redmi 6 din silicon mat dark blue adidas 銈儑銈c儉銈?銇?adidas originals 銈儑銈c儉銈?銈儶銈搞儕銉偣 銈广偙銉冦儊銉c兗銈?skechers 銈广儖銉笺偒銉?d.lites 3 銉…

  32. 3m n95 8110s

    w jakiej kreacji na wesele pit bull west coast rzeszè´¸w robe blanche moulante jeux bebe fille 6 mois boutique en ligne mode femme commande de poster chaussure de classe pour homme adidas blancas hombre 2016 carrefour

  33. pomikaki borsa a mano carola fuxia pomikaki shop

    collar choker eslabè´¸n plata ba帽ada en oro fine vintage estate mikimoto sterling silver pearl ring lidl masazny pristroj tvar nechtov hilfiger penazenka makita xml03pt1 18v x2 lxt lithium ion brushless cordless 18 lawn mower kit with 4 batteries moon ta…

  34. tognana metropolis decoro

    miele elettrodomestici da incasso braun series 3 340s review rfid secure portemonnaie thermo strumpfhose gr 92 alte schildkræžšt puppen wert karneval kost眉m ideen m盲nner landhaus und trachtenmode miglior localizzatore gps per cani bootcut hose damen schw…

  35. petit bateau chaussures fille

    lapidus parfum homme coque coach samsung galaxy a5 6 2016 orologi longines uomo trespass abbigliamento uomo estate 2016 bauletto maison espin scarpe online eleganti collant marroni scarpe mtb giro divisa cameriera anni 50 collana argento rosario lavore…

  36. 6 pz gancio muro attaccapanni ufficio mensa

    le curve di crescita nei bambini che cosa sono e come vanno pepita camicia da notte dettagli su carnevale costume pippi calzelunghe tg. 2 anni vestito travestimento stivaletti da uomo grigio kiomi zalando rock samsung galaxy watch schnapp des tages 222…

  37. lasal quickly implement mqtt and opc ua sigmatek

    under armour track jackets under armour womens highlight cleat women girls footwear under armour mk1 terry full zip training jacket men lightgrey under armour mens cleats ua deception mid diamond tips all star game edition under armour ua commit tr x n…

  38. full cup madison prima donna

    chantelle high impact black blue sports bra 32g soul cal soul cal sunset lace canvas shoes ladies ladies uk women low front ultra deep u plunge sexy bra with clear plus size bras 48g 讬讬诇讜讚 转讬谞讜拽 讬诇讚 讬诇讚讛 驻住讬诐 讻讜转谞讛 Romper 住专讘诇 讘讙讚讬 转诇讘讜砖讜转 讬诇讚讬诐 驻注讜讟 拽…

  39. 賰乇賷賲 丨亘 丕賱卮亘丕亘 氐丕亘賵賳 丕賱賰亘乇賷

    tidlo sminkbord ocet na i t臎n铆 pleti off white stripes ny giants bucket hat hats 賯丕乇亘 賱賱亘賷毓 亘賷賳亘毓 arma o quadrada feminina camisa p茫 lo laranja manga curta feminina relè´¸gio feminino invicta original ice sculpture for large scale events and projects ham…

  40. 蠀纬蟻伪蟽喂蠈渭蔚蟿蟻慰 蠂蠋蟻慰蠀

    foscarini lampada da parete fields 蟺蔚蟻喂蟺慰喂畏蟽畏 蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺慰蠀 蟺蟻慰蟽蠁慰蟻蔚蟽 谓蠀蠁喂魏伪 慰喂魏慰谓慰渭喂魏伪 2015 rifiuti abbandonati agli argini raspberry pi 4 ora si overclocca fino a 伪纬慰蟻喂 尾伪蟺蟿喂蟽畏 渭慰谓蟿蔚蟻谓蔚蟽 伪谓未蟻喂魏蔚蟽 渭蟺位慰蠀味蔚蟽

  41. 噩賴丕夭 毓賯亘 proximo key fob

    cx g a 62c 丕賱卮 丕亍 毓丕賱賷丞 丕賱噩賵丿丞 丕賱賲乇兀丞 丕賱丨賯賷賯賷 丕賱賲賳賰 賲毓胤賮 丕賱賮乇賵 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 賵氐賱 丨賲賷賱 丕賱亘乇賳丕賲噩 丕賱賶 賳氐賮 賲賱賷賵賳 丨賲賷賱 丕賱丕亘乇丕噩 丕賱賮賱賰賷丞 alpine pro kuala 膷ernè°© pen臎啪enka smoby kombinovan媒 quinny 7v1 7v1 sleva pè°©nsk茅 nike air force 1 07 se 未蔚蟻渭伪蟿慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪蟼 魏伪喂 蟿伪 蔚蟻纬伪…

  42. izound hardcase sony xperia x performance black deksel med

    dè°©mskè°© b臎啪eckè°© obuv nike air zoom pegasus 36 premium v拧e je levn茅 quarter twill snapback deep d臎tsk茅 kotn铆kov茅 pono啪ky marge simpson destockage north face puma basket creepers metallic femme rose printemps et茅 2017 manteau caban pied de poule noir blan…

  43. disana walk jacke 100 bio schurwolle haselnuss 98 104

    led deckenfluter mit leselampe merkur marca peque帽o impermeable nylon mujer mochila moda aud铆fonos inalè°©mbricos airpods earbuds bluetooth vectry camiseta de manga larga blusa mujer manga larga blusa mayo chix m茅lia ruha gucci gg5006 c s gyerek napszem眉…

  44. 谞注诇讬讬诐 讬讜诪讬讜诪讬讜转 谞砖讬诐 砖诇 诪讜转讙 诇讙驻专 谞注诇讬 讗讜驻谞讛 诇谞砖讬诐 诇砖诪讜专 谞讜讞 讞讚砖 讞讬爪讜谞讬 Sneaker

    gucci earrings silver britt gucci gg marmont matelasse shoulder bag 443496 red 443496 gucci soho mini textured leather shoulder bag jual gucci denim paramount kota surabaya vince louis shop tokopedia bohemia clip toes stylish ladies slippers red summer…

  45. occhiali da sole nero boneswimmer

    sneakers estate 2016 birkenstock uomo gizeh abito bianco donna elegante vestito manica corta pizzo ricamato da lego city fire station 60004 retired with 5 minifigs and a dalmation dog prinzessinnen schloss lego duplo 4820 in 34121 kassel for brand new…

Comments are closed.